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Scientists find bald men are perceived as better leaders

Researchers say that bald men, such a Bruce Willis, are perceived as being better leaders, and even an inch taller than those with hair.

Bald men are perceived to be more dominant, more athletic and better leaders, researchers have claimed.

A new study from information management lecturer Albert Mannes at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business suggests that while men with male-pattern baldness tend to view themselves as having poor self-esteem, those who take the pre-emptive step of shaving a thinning head of hair improved their image.

'The broad take-away is that perceptions about leadership and related traits like dominance can emerge from peculiar characteristics that aren’t really related to leadership at all,' says Mannes.

For the paper, 'Shorn Scalps and Perceptions of Male Dominance,' published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, Mannes describes three experiments.

The first found men with shaved heads were viewed as more masculine and dominant than other men.

Two more experiments found men were perceived as taller (by an inch, on average) and stronger (that is, seen as being able to bench press 13% more) than those men with a full head of hair.

They were also viewed as having greater potential as leaders.

Mannes said the impetus for his research came from his own experience in his early thirties, when he began losing his hair.

In the first experiment, subjects were asked to look at a series of photographs of men of similar age and dress, including some with shaved heads.

Then, they were asked to rate the men in terms of how powerful, influential and authoritative they looked. When the numbers were tallied, the shaved heads won.

In a second experiment, Mannes tried to control for other physical features that could convey dominance by showing his subjects the images of four men, but in two different versions: one with their hair, and one with their hair digitally removed.

Again, the images of men without hair were perceived as more dominant — and, much to Mannes’ surprise, also taller and stronger.

For his third experiment, Mannes avoided all visual cues and offered subjects physical descriptions of men, including whether they had hair, thinning hair or a shaved head.

Again, the shaved men came out on top.

However, there were downsides. Men with shaved heads were rated lower in attractiveness and also seen as being older. But they nonetheless scored higher than men with thinning hair, who were ranked lower in almost all categories.

研究人員稱，人們普遍認為禿頭男更具主導力、更健壯、領導能力更強。

美國賓夕法尼亞大學沃頓商學院的信息管理系講師阿爾伯特•曼尼斯開展的一項新研究指出，盡管謝頂男子往往會因為脫發而感到自卑，但那些在頭發掉光前就先行一步剃光頭的男人形象則會有所改觀。

曼尼斯說：“從研究中獲取的大致信息是，領導能力，以及如主導力這樣的相關特質，可以從一些和領導力本身并無實質關系的個人特征中感受到。”

這篇題為《禿頭和對男性統治力的認知》的論文發表在期刊《社會心理和人格科學》上。在論文中，曼尼斯描述了三個實驗。

第一個實驗發現，剃光頭的男子被認為比其他男性更有男子氣概，更具主導力。

另外兩個實驗發現，光頭男子看上去比頭發濃密的男子更高（平均多出一英尺）、更強壯（光頭男被認為能做仰臥推舉的比例要多出13%）。

此外，光頭男還被認為具有更高的領導力潛質。

曼尼斯說，他做這項研究的原動力來自他三十出頭就開始謝頂的親身經歷。

在第一個實驗中，研究人員讓參與者觀看年齡和服飾相近的男性的一組照片，其中包括一些剃光頭的男性。

接著，研究人員讓他們根據這些男性的外觀給他們的權力、影響力和權威性打分。把這些數字加在一起，光頭男勝出了。

在第二個實驗中，曼尼斯試圖控制其他讓人感受到主導力的外貌特征，只讓參與者看四名男性的照片，但是版本不同：一個是有頭發的版本，另一個是用數碼技術將頭發修掉了。

光頭的男子形象再次被認為更具主導力，而且，讓曼尼斯十分驚訝的是，他們還顯得更高更強壯。

在第三個實驗中，曼尼斯避免所有視覺提示，給參與者描述了男性的外貌，并描述了他們是有頭發、頭發稀疏或是光頭。

結果同樣，光頭的男子勝出。

然而，剃光頭也有不利的一面。剃光頭的男子被認為不太有吸引力，而且看上去更老。不過他們的得分還是比頭發稀疏的男性要高，這些人幾乎在所有評比項中都處于下風。

Vocabulary:

pre-emptive: 先發制人的

bench press: 仰臥推舉

tally: 計數，清點，統計